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Subject: 961 special engine
Author: shogun (moderator) : member since March, 2004 : 12553 posts
Posted on: 2009-05-23 19:51:17       		Bookmark and Share

I am not 100% sure, but search in the internet tells me that means
Special engine with cast iron crankcase (SA 961)

quote
The M60 was BMW's powerful V-8 engine for over a decade. The M60 was used in BMW models like the E34 5 Series Sedan, the E38 7 Series and the E31 8 Series.

Work commenced on the BMW M60 in 1984 and the first V-8 was released at the beginning of 1992. The engine was available in two versions, a 3-liter and the more recent 4-liter. The 3-liter V-8 develops 160kW at 5800 rpm and 288 Nm at 4500 rpm. The 4-liter engine has substantially more power with 210 kW at 5800 rpm and 400 Nm at 3900 rpm. The four camshafts are chain-driven and operate 32 valves. The 4-liter engine uses a 10:1 compression ratio and a common feature is the distinctive intake manifold -- which flows very well -- and made of plastic.

Since 1997, the BMW M60 V-8s produce 3.5 and 4.4-liters thanks to a larger bore and longer stroke. They share a compression ratio of 10:1. Power stayed the same as the 4.0 with 210 kW at a slightly lower rpm of 5700, but torque was lifted slightly to 420 Nm, still at 3900 rpm. The 3.5 (like the 535i and 735i and iL) makes 180 kW at 5800 and 345Nm at 3800 revs. The 4.4-liter 540i/740i engine pushes a V12 equivalent 210kW at 5400 rpm and 440 Nm of torque at 3600rpm. Four valve technology, cylinder-specific knock control and a direct fire DME engine management system are used in both engines.

By using an aluminum cylinder block with Nikasil plating of the bore surfaces and a reinforced-plastic inlet manifold, it was possible to keep the engine weight very low at around 210 kg. The power-to-weight ratio for the 4.0-liter v-8 was 0.73 kg/bhp, around 30% better than its cast-iron predecessor.

The design of the 4-valve cylinder head used for the V-8 largely corresponded to the versions used on the four and six-cylinder engines. A duplex chain from the crankshaft drove the two inlet camshafts, from which the exhaust camshafts were driven by secondary duplex chains. The camshafts were equipped with counterbalancing masses to compensate for the free inertia forces of the valves.

For the first time, BMW installed a "broken" connecting rod made of sintered material. By using sintering in comparison to the more usual forging it was possible to manufacture a connecting rod to very tight weight tolerances without machining. The two-part nature of the connecting rod big end, which is needed for assembly around the bearing on the crankshaft, was created by first making the part as a single piece and then physically breaking the big-end cap away. The raw, irregularly-broken structure permitted absolutely exact repositioning on assembly.

The engine had electronic knock detection, which facilitated a basic design that could be planned for the use of a high compression ratio for low fuel consumption. As on the smaller engines, static high-voltage ignition was used.


http://www.usautoparts.net/bmw/engines/m60.htm

The BMW M60 V-8 and BMW M52 6-cylinder engines (the M52 Nikasil engine never went to the USA) with Nikasil cylinder bore linings are particularly vulnerable to fuel (gasoline or petrol) with a high sulfur content.

The sulfur in the fuel breaks up the Nikasil lining in the cylinders, thus causing a loss of compression. Once the lining is damaged, excessive bore wear of the soft, underlying alloy occurs very quickly. Some Nikasil engines have failed in as little as 30,000 miles. And the effect is cumulative, so if the engine has ever been run on high sulfur fuel, the damage may already have been done and premature bore wear may result.

Some symptoms of the Nikasil problem are rough running at idle and difficult cold starting, both due to loss of compression. In severe cases, the loss of compression is so bad that the engine loses power. Oil consumption increases dramatically as oil is sucked up the side of the leaky pistons. In extreme cases, the compression decrease is so severe the car will not start in cold weather, especially M52 6-cylinder engines.

Over the years, BMW has provided replacements with steel, cast-iron or Alusil lined engines, at considerable cost to the manufacturer. Often, disgruntled owners have borne the brunt of these replacement costs, and prospective buyers are at risk, too.
http://www.usautoparts.net/bmw/engines/nikasil.htm

http://www.usautoparts.net/bmw/engines/m60.htm
---------------
Anyway, that is history now. Fuel has improved meanwhile in the U.S. also.

E32 750iL 11/88, E32 750iL Highline 03/90
SHOGUN'S TRICKS AND TIPS FOR THE SEVEN SERIES

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